Echo and Narcissus Essay, Echo and Narcissus Myth, Echo and Narcissus Ted Hughes Selections from Tales from Ovid, Echo and Narcissus

Echo and Narcissus 

Ted Hughes Selections from Tales from Ovid

Echo and Narcissus Short Essay 

Introduction 

          Echo and Narcissus by Ted Hughes is taken from Metamorphoses, a mythological collection by Ovid. This Greek myth explores themes of unrequited love, vanity, and self-destruction.

The Birth and Prophecy of Narcissus

          Liriope, a nymph, gives birth to a beautiful boy, Narcissus, after an encounter with the river god Cephisus. Concerned about his fate, she consults the blind prophet Tiresias, who predicts that Narcissus will live a long life unless he "learns to know himself."

Echo’s Curse and Rejection

          Echo, a mountain nymph ,angered Juno by distracting her while Jupiter had affairs with other nymphs. As punishment, Juno curses Echo to only repeat the last words spoken by others. She falls in love with Narcissus but cannot express her feelings. When she reveals herself, Narcissus cruelly rejects her. Heartbroken, she fades away, leaving only her voice behind.

Nemesis’ Punishment and Narcissus’ Downfall

          A rejected admirer prays for justice, and Nemesis, the goddess of retribution, leads Narcissus to a pristine pool. He falls in love with his own reflection, unable to recognize it as himself. Consumed by his obsession, he wastes away and dies. A beautiful flower blooms where he once lay.

Conclusion

          This myth warns against vanity and self-obsession. Echo’s tragic fate and Narcissus’ downfall serve as lasting reminders of the consequences of unreciprocated love and excessive pride.

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Echo and Narcissus Detailed Essay

Introduction

          Echo and Narcissus by Ted Hughes is taken from Metamorphoses, a mythological collection by Ovid. This story comes from Greek mythology and explores themes of unrequited love, vanity, and self-destruction.

The Birth and Prophecy of Narcissus

          Liriope, a nymph, after a passionate encounter with the river god Cephisus, gives birth to a remarkably beautiful boy named Narcissus. Concerned about her son’s fate, she consults the blind prophet Tiresias, who cryptically foretells that Narcissus will live a long life unless he "learns to know himself."

Narcissus’ Beauty and Arrogance

          As Narcissus grows into a young man, his beauty captivates many, but his pride and aloofness create a barrier between him and his admirers. Though he is desired by many, he rejects all who fall in love with him, showing little regard for their pain.

Echo’s Curse and Love for Narcissus

          Echo, a mountain nymph, was once talkative and loved gossip. However, she angered Juno (Hera in Greek mythology) by distracting her while Jupiter (Zeus) was having affairs with other nymphs. In her wrath, Juno curses Echo so that she can only repeat the last words spoken by others, silencing her own voice and desires.

Echo’s Heartbreaking Rejection

          One day, while hunting in the mountains, Narcissus becomes separated from his companions and calls out. Echo, who sees him and falls instantly in love, responds to his call. Narcissus is confused, hearing his own words echoed back. Then, Echo reveals herself and rushes toward him with open arms. However, he cruelly rejects her.

Echo’s Despair and Disappearance

          Narcissus’ harsh words deeply wound Echo. Devastated by his rejection, she withdraws from the world, wasting away until only her voice remains, forever wandering through the mountains and forests.

Nemesis' Retribution

          One of Narcissus’ many rejected admirers prays for retribution, pleading with the gods to make Narcissus experience the same pain he has inflicted upon others. Nemesis, the goddess of retribution, hears this prayer and leads Narcissus to a pristine pool of water.

Narcissus Falls in Love with His Reflection

          While hunting, Narcissus comes across the secluded pool and leans over to drink. However, as he looks into the water, he becomes mesmerized by his own reflection, mistaking it for someone else. He falls deeply in love, but every time he tries to touch or embrace the figure, it disappears.

Narcissus' Decline and Death

          Obsessed with his reflection, Narcissus neglects his basic needs, wasting away by the pool. Realizing too late that he has fallen in love with his own image, he laments his fate. Eventually, he dies of starvation and thirst.

Narcissus' Transformation and Echo’s Mourning

         After his death, a beautiful flower blooms where his body once lay—the narcissus flower. Echo, still mourning him, repeats his final words, her voice lingering in the mountains.

Conclusion

          The story of Echo and Narcissus serves as a warning about vanity and self-obsession. Narcissus' fate fulfills Tiresias’ prophecy, showing the dangers of failing to understand oneself. Echo’s tragic love and disappearance highlight the pain of unreciprocated love. Their story remains timeless, symbolized by the enduring presence of Echo’s voice and the narcissus flower.

Themes:

1. Unrequited Love

2. Vanity and Self-Obsession

3. The Power of Prophecy

4. Divine Punishment and Retribution

5. The Tragic Consequences of Rejection

6. Illusion vs. Reality

7. Transformation and Metamorphosis

8. The Loss of Identity

9. Fate and Inevitability

10. The Fragility of Beauty

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Minutes of The Meeting, Minutes of the Meeting Example, Minutes of The Meeting Format, What is Minutes of The Meeting, Minutes of The Meeting writing

Minutes of The Meeting 

Definition

          Minutes of a meeting are an official written record of everything discussed and decided during a meeting. They serve as a summary, capturing key points, decisions, and action items. These records are useful for attendees to reference later and for those who were absent to stay informed.

Key Elements of Meeting Minutes

Date and Time – Mention when the meeting took place.

Attendance – List who was present and who was absent.

Discussion Points – Summarize the topics discussed.

Decisions Taken – Record any resolutions, agreements, or action items.

Important Considerations

Concise Summary – The minutes should not be a verbatim account of everything said but should focus on the key points and outcomes.

Exclude Emotional Exchanges – Do not record personal arguments, emotional reactions, or irrelevant discussions.

Timeliness – It is best to write the minutes within one or two days of the meeting while the details are still fresh.

Use of Past Tense – Since the meeting has already occurred, minutes should be written in the past tense.

          By following these guidelines, meeting minutes remain clear, professional, and useful for future reference.

What is Minutes of the meeting, Minutes of the meeting example explanation in Tamil @Banumathi K's Literature Insights 👇 ✨ 💫 

1.Write minutes of the meeting for a College program or event which is being conducted. 

Minutes of the College Program Planning Meeting – ABC College

Date: 09/02/2025

Time: 10:00 AM – 11:30 AM

Location: Conference Hall, ABC College

Chairperson: Dr. Rajesh Kumar (Principal)

Attendees:

Dr. Rajesh Kumar – Principal

Prof. Suresh Babu – Event Coordinator

Ms. Priya Sharma – Cultural Committee Head

Mr. Arjun Reddy – Student Representative

Ms. Meena Devi – Finance Committee

Mr. Karthik Rao – Logistics & Hospitality

Other committee members

Apologies:

Ms. Rekha Singh – Public Relations Head

Mr. Sanjay Verma – Technical Support

Agenda:

1. Finalizing the event date and schedule

2. Budget allocation and sponsorships

3. Cultural performances and competitions

4. Guest invitations and promotions

5. Logistics, food, and safety arrangements

Discussion:

1.Event Date and Schedule

The committee discussed possible dates, and it was decided that the Annual Cultural Fest 2025 will be held on March 15-16, 2025.

2.Budget Allocation and Sponsorships

The Finance Committee estimated the total expenses, and it was decided to approach local businesses for sponsorship. Ms. Meena Devi and other committee members will contact sponsors by 20/02/2025.

3.Cultural Performances and Competitions

The team finalized competitions, including dance, music, drama, and a quiz contest. Student registrations will start on 15/02/2025, and the event schedule will be published by 25/02/2025.

4.Guest Invitations and Promotions

Prominent guests, including alumni and industry professionals, will be invited. Prof. Suresh Babu will oversee sending invitations by 22/02/2025. Promotions through posters and social media will be planned.

5.Logistics, Food, and Safety Arrangements

The committee discussed food stalls, stage setup, and security. Mr. Karthik Rao will coordinate with vendors and security teams, with final arrangements completed by 10/03/2025.

Any Other Business:

With no other business for transaction, the meeting came to a close.

Next Meeting Details:

The next meeting will be held on 01/03/2025 at 11:00 AM in the Conference Hall to review sponsorship updates, confirm guest attendance, and finalize logistics.

Minutes Prepared by: Ms. Priya Sharma

Minutes Approved by: Dr. Rajesh Kumar

2.Write minutes of the meeting for sports meet for which chief guest is arriving from abroad Minutes of the Sports Meet Planning Meeting.

Minutes of the Sports Meet Planning Meeting – ABC College

Date: 10/02/2025

Time: 10:00 AM – 11:30 AM

Location: Conference Hall, ABC College

Chairperson: Dr. Rajesh Kumar, Principal

Attendees:

Dr. Rajesh Kumar – Principal

Prof. Suresh Babu – Event Coordinator

Ms. Priya Sharma – Cultural Committee Head

Mr. Arjun Reddy – Student Representative

Ms. Meena Devi – Finance Committee

Mr. Karthik Rao – Logistics & Hospitality

Other committee members

Apologies:

Ms. Rekha Singh – Public Relations Head

Mr. Sanjay Verma – Technical Support

Agenda:

1. Finalizing event date and schedule

2. Arrangements for the Chief Guest from abroad

3. Budget and sponsorships

4. Event logistics and safety

5. Student participation and promotions

Discussion:

1.Event Date and Schedule

The committee decided that the Annual Sports Meet 2025 will be held on March 10-11, 2025.

2.Chief Guest Arrangements

A special guest from London will be attending the event. Arrangements for airport pickup, accommodation, and hospitality were discussed. Mr. Karthik Rao will oversee these arrangements.

3.Budget and Sponsorships

The Finance Committee estimated the total expenses. Local businesses and alumni will be approached for sponsorship. Ms. Meena Devi and others will contact sponsors by 15/02/2025.

4.Event Logistics and Safety

Setup for the track, seating, and first-aid services was discussed. Security arrangements will be in place. Mr. Karthik Rao will coordinate logistics.

5.Student Participation and Promotions

Sports registrations will begin on 20/02/2025. Promotions will be handled by the Public Relations team through posters and social media.

Any Other Business:

With no other business for discussion, the meeting came to a close.

Next Meeting Details:

The next meeting is scheduled for 25/02/2025 at 11:00 AM in the Conference Hall.

Minutes Prepared by: Ms. Priya Sharma

Minutes Approved by: Dr. Rajesh Kumar

3.Write minutes of the meeting for a Program regarding a career opportunity being conducted in the institution

Minutes of the Meeting for a Program Regarding a Career Opportunity – ABC College

Date: 12/02/2025

Time: 2:00 PM – 3:30 PM

Location: Placement Cell, ABC College

Chairperson: Prof. Suresh Babu, Placement Officer

Attendees:

Prof. Suresh Babu – Placement Officer

Ms. Priya Sharma – Training Team

Mr. Arjun Reddy – Student Representative

Ms. Meena Devi – Finance Committee

Other faculty members

Apologies:

Ms. Rekha Singh – Public Relations Head 

Agenda:

1. Guest Speaker confirmation

2. Venue and logistics

3. Student registration and promotion

4. Budget and arrangements

Discussion:

1.Guest Speaker Confirmation

An HR Manager from Abarna Enterprises will deliver a talk on career opportunities on March 5, 2025.

2.Venue and Logistics

The event will be held in the Auditorium. Seating and microphone arrangements will be handled by the Logistics Team.

3.Student Registration and Promotion

Registrations will open on 20/02/2025.Promotions will be handled by the Public Relations team through posters, emails and social media.

4.Budget and Sponsorships

The Finance Committee estimated the total expenses. Local businesses and alumni will be approached for sponsorship. Ms. Meena Devi and others will contact sponsors by 15/02/2025.

Any Other Business:

With no other business for discussion, the meeting came to a close.

Next Meeting Details:

The next meeting is scheduled for 28/02/2025 at 11:00 AM in the Placement Cell.

Minutes Prepared by: Ms. Priya Sharma

Minutes Approved by: Prof. Suresh Babu

4.Write minutes for Board of Directors Meeting conducted in a Multi National Company

Minutes for Board of Directors Meeting – ABC Corporation

Date: 15/02/2025

Time: 3:00 PM – 4:30 PM

Location: Boardroom, ABC Corporation

Chairperson: Mr. Rajesh Mehta – CEO

Attendees:

Mr. Rajesh Mehta – CEO

Ms. Neha Sharma – CFO

Mr. Arvind Rao – COO

Mr. Sanjay Patel – HR Director

Other board members

Apologies:

Mr. Vikram Das – Legal Advisor

Agenda:

1. Company performance review

2. New business strategies

3. Financial report discussion

4. Upcoming projects

Discussion:

1.Company Performance Review

The CEO presented the company’s performance, highlighting growth areas and challenges.

2.New Business Strategies

Marketing and expansion strategies were discussed, including entering new markets.

3.Financial Report Discussion

The CFO provided an update on revenue, expenses, and future financial planning.

4.Upcoming Projects

New project investments and timelines were reviewed.

Any Other Business:

With no other business for discussion, the meeting came to a close.

Next Meeting Details:

The next meeting is scheduled for 10/03/2025 at 3:00 PM in the Boardroom.

Minutes Prepared by: Ms. Neha Sharma

Minutes Approved by: Mr. Rajesh Mehta

5.Write minutes for Project Status Meeting conducted in an IT/manufacturing company

Minutes for Project Status Meeting – XYZ Tech Solutions

Date: 18/02/2025

Time: 10:00 AM – 11:30 AM

Location: Conference Room, XYZ Tech Solutions

Chairperson: Mr. Ramesh Iyer – Project Manager

Attendees:

Mr. Ramesh Iyer – Project Manager

Ms. Priya Sharma – Software Development Team Lead

Mr. Arjun Reddy – Testing & QA Lead

Ms. Meena Devi – Finance Manager

Mr. Karthik Rao – Logistics & Procurement

Other project team members

Apologies:

Mr. Sanjay Verma – IT Security Head

Agenda:

1.Project progress update

2.Current challenges and risks

3.Budget and resource allocation

4.Next steps and deadlines

Discussion:

1.Project Progress Update

Each team provided a status update. Software development is 80% complete, and testing will start by 25/02/2025.

2.Current Challenges and Risks

Testing Team reported bugs in module 3, requiring extra time. Logistics Team is facing a delay in hardware procurement.

3.Budget and Resource Allocation

The Finance Team confirmed that the project is within budget. Additional funds may be required for extended testing.

4.Next Steps and Deadlines

Testing will be completed by 10/03/2025. Final deployment is scheduled for 15/03/2025.

Any Other Business:

With no other business for discussion, the meeting came to a close.

Next Meeting Details:

The next meeting is scheduled for 05/03/2025 at 10:00 AM in the Conference Room.

Minutes Prepared by: Ms. Priya Sharma

Minutes Approved by: Mr. Ramesh

6.Write the minutes of Human Resources Committee Meeting conducted in a company

Minutes of Human Resources Committee Meeting Conducted in a Company – Abarna Pvt. Ltd.

Date: 20/02/2025

Time: 2:00 PM – 3:30 PM

Location: HR Conference Room, Abarna Pvt. Ltd.

Chairperson: Mr. Sanjay Patel – HR Director

Attendees:

Mr. Sanjay Patel – HR Director

Ms. Neha Sharma – Recruitment Head

Mr. Arjun Reddy – Training & Development

Ms. Meena Devi – Finance Manager

Other HR committee members

Apologies:

Ms. Rekha Singh – Employee Relations Manager

Agenda:

1. Employee recruitment and retention strategies

2. Training and development programs

3. Employee engagement activities

4. Workplace policies and compliance

Discussion:

1.Employee Recruitment and Retention Strategies

The HR team discussed new hiring plans for Q2 2025 and strategies to reduce attrition.

2.Training and Development Programs

A new leadership training program will be launched in March 2025 for mid-level managers.

3.Employee Engagement Activities

A sports day and wellness program were proposed to boost employee morale.

4.Workplace Policies and Compliance

New remote work policies were reviewed for better work-life balance.

Any Other Business:

With no other business for discussion, the meeting came to a close.

Next Meeting Details:

The next meeting is scheduled for 10/03/2025 at 2:00 PM in the HR Conference Room.

Minutes Prepared by: Ms. Neha Sharma

Minutes Approved by: Mr. Sanjay Patel

7.Write the minutes for Quality Assurance Review Meeting conducted in a Multi National Company

Minutes for Quality Assurance Review Meeting Conducted in a Multi-National Company – XYZ Global Ltd.

Date: 22/02/2025

Time: 3:00 PM – 4:30 PM

Location: Quality Control Department, XYZ Global Ltd.

Chairperson: Mr. Arvind Rao – QA Head

Attendees:

Mr. Arvind Rao – QA Head

Ms. Priya Sharma – Testing & Inspection Lead

Mr. Arjun Reddy – Compliance Officer

Ms. Meena Devi – Finance Team

Other QA team members

Apologies:

Mr. Sanjay Verma – Technical Support Head

Agenda:

1. Review of recent quality audits

2. Discussion of compliance issues

3. Action plan for process improvement

4. Future audits and targets

Discussion:

1. Review of Recent Quality Audits

The QA team identified minor defects in the last batch of production, with a 98% compliance rate.

2. Discussion of Compliance Issues

A minor packaging issue was found in Product Line B. The ISO certification renewal process needs additional documentation.

3. Action Plan for Process Improvement

A new quality checklist will be implemented starting March 2025 to reduce errors.

4. Future Audits and Targets

The next internal audit is scheduled for 15/03/2025. The team aims for a 99% compliance rate.

Any Other Business:

With no other business for discussion, the meeting came to a close.

Next Meeting Details:

The next meeting is scheduled for 12/03/2025 at 3:00 PM in the Quality Control Department.

Minutes Prepared by: Ms. Priya Sharma

Minutes Approved by: Mr. Arvind Rao

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Memo, Memo Writing, How to Write a Memo, Memo Format, Memo Example, Memo Explanation, Memorandum, How to write a Memo

Memo

Memo Writing 

How to Write a Memo

Memo Format 

Memo Examples 

What is a memo and how should it be written?

👉 A memo (short for memorandum) 

👉 a short official note 

👉 It is used for internal communication within an organization. 

👉 It’s usually written to convey important information, instructions, report a problem, propose a solution, or updates to employees or colleagues. 

👉Memo can be used for future reference 

👉 Should deal with single subject 

👉 No unnecessary details, just straight-up info.

👉 Memo required less formal style

👉 Shorter than letters 

👉 Short, straight forward, easy to read  

👉 A memo should ideally be one page, but it can extend to two pages if absolutely necessary—especially if the topic is complex or requires detailed explanations. 

Who Can Send a Memo?

✅ Managers to employees – Announcements, policies, or instructions

✅ Employees to managers/owners – Reporting issues, suggestions, or requests

✅ Between colleagues – Updates on projects, teamwork coordination

What is a Memo, Memo Format and Memo Example in Tamil @Banumathi K's Literature Insights 👇 

1) Draft a Memo to an employee for his being habitually late. 

2) Draft a Memo to an employee against his

 habit of reading the newspapers and magazines during office hours 

3) As a Manager, write a Memo for announcing the employee of the month in an industry 

4.As a Safety officer, write a Memo for reminding proper use of fire extinguishers

5. As a departmental head, write Memo for Meeting Announcement

6. As a HR Manager, write a Memo for informing Paid Time Off Policy Update in your company.

7. As a project head, write a Memo to the team informing the milestone achieved and appreciation.

8. Draft a memo to the manager of a section in which he had been absent in the last few weeks

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Mrs. Midas by Carol Ann Duffy Essay, Mrs. Midas by Carol Ann Duffy Summary, Mrs. Midas Poem Essay, Mrs. Midas Poem Summary, Mrs. Midas

Mrs. Midas by Carol Ann Duffy Short Essay 

Introduction:

           Mrs. Midas is a poem from Carol Ann Duffy’s 1999 collection The World’s Wife. It is based on the Greek myth of King Midas, who was granted the power to turn everything he touched into gold. Instead of showing Midas as a mythical king, the poem presents him as a normal man whose greed destroys his life and marriage.

A Strange Discovery

          One evening in September, Mrs. Midas is enjoying a peaceful time in her kitchen when she notices something unusual outside. Her husband is under a pear tree, breaking a twig that looks like gold. Then he picks a pear, and it glows like a light bulb. When he comes inside, everything he touches turns to gold—the doorknobs, the curtains, and even the furniture.

The Curse of Gold:

          During dinner, Midas spits out golden corn kernels, turns the silverware to gold, and his wine glass into a goblet. He admits that he made a wish to turn everything he touched into gold and it came true. Mrs. Midas is terrified. She realizes that gold is useless. 

Leaving Him Behind

          That night, she sleeps separately, fearing his touch could turn her to gold. Realizing she cannot live with him, she takes him to a remote place. He loses his mind, believing he hears the Greek god Pan. She moves on but sometimes remembers him.

Conclusion:

               His wish was selfish, and it ruined their life. In the end, she does not miss his wealth but the warmth of his human touch.

Themes:

Greed and Its Consequences

Love and Loss

Loneliness and Isolation

Power and Its Dangers

Materialism vs. Emotional Connection

Selfishness in Relationships

The Fragility of Human Life

Myth and Modern Reality

Female Perspective and Voice

Transformation and Regret

Mrs. Midas by Carol Ann Duffy in Tamil @Banumathi K's Literature Insights 👇 

Mrs. Midas by Carol Ann Duffy Detailed Essay 

Introduction:

          Mrs. Midas is a poem from Carol Ann Duffy’s 1999 collection The World’s Wife. This particular poem presents the Greek myth of King Midas, who was granted the ability to turn everything he touched into gold. However, instead of portraying him as a mythical figure, the poem reimagines him as a normal, modern man, exploring the consequences of his wish from his wife’s perspective. 

A Normal Evening at Home:

          The story begins near the end of September. Mrs. Midas is relaxing after a long day, enjoying a glass of wine while cooking dinner. The kitchen smells wonderful, and everything feels peaceful.

          

Confusion and Doubt:

           As she wipes the steam off the window, she looks outside and sees her husband under a pear tree. He is breaking a small twig, but something looks odd—it appears to be made of gold. The yard is large, and it is getting dark, so she is not sure if she is seeing things correctly. Then, she sees him pick a pear, and it glows like a light bulb in his hand. She wonders if he is decorating the tree with lights.

Everything Turns to Gold:

           When her husband comes inside, everything he touches starts shining. The doorknobs, the curtains—everything turns to gold. The curtains reminded her of the Field of the Cloth of Gold, a historical event where the Kings of England and France brought a lot of gold fabric to impress each other. It also made her think of Miss Macready, a character from a British TV series who had bright gold-colored hair.

Midas Acts Like a King:

          He sits down with an arrogant look, like a king on a golden throne. When she asks what is happening, he just laughs instead of answering her.

Dinner Becomes a Nightmare:

          During dinner, things get even stranger. He spits out corn on the cob, which now looks like golden teeth. When he picks up his silverware, it turns to gold. The final proof comes when she pours him wine, and it turns into a golden goblet. He finally admits that he made a wish, and it came true. Mrs. Midas is horrified.

Fear and Distance:

          She quickly realizes how dangerous his new power is. She locks the cat in the basement, moves the phone away from him, and makes him sit across the room. She doesn’t care when he turns the toilet into gold, but she is shocked by his foolishness.

Gold is Useless:

          She thinks about what gold is really like—it cannot be eaten or drunk. It is just a shiny, lifeless metal. When he tries to smoke, the cigarette turns into gold. She sarcastically jokes that at least now he can quit smoking.

Sleeping in Separate Rooms:

          That night, she is so scared that she puts a chair against the door to keep him out. He sleeps in the guest room, but soon, it looks like a golden tomb, just like the tomb of King Tutankhamun. She remembers how close they used to be, but now she fears his touch.

A Terrifying Dream:

          She dreams that she gives birth to a golden baby. Its arms, legs, and even its eyes are made of gold. Her milk burns her because it, too, has turned into gold. She wakes up feeling terrified.

Realizing Her Husband’s Greed:

           She understands that no one can survive with a heart made of gold. She feels like she married a greedy fool who ruined everything for wealth.

Leaving Midas Behind:

          She cannot live with him anymore, so she takes him to a remote place in the woods and leaves him in a mobile home. She visits him sometimes, but each time she goes, she sees more golden animals—fish in the grass and a rabbit hanging from a tree.

Midas Loses His Mind:

         Her husband has become thin and delusional. He believes he can hear the Greek god Pan playing music in the trees. This makes her realize she cannot stay in his life any longer.

Moving On, But Not Forgetting/

Conclusion:

          What hurts her most is that he made the wish without thinking about her. His selfishness destroyed their life together. She sells all the gold and moves on, but sometimes, small things remind her of him. One day, she sees a bowl of apples and remembers him. Even after everything, what she misses the most is not his wealth but the simple warmth of his hands and his touch.

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How Frog Went to Heaven Essay, How Frog Went to Heaven Summary, How Frog Went to Heaven A Tale of Angola by Aaron Shepherd Essay, How Frog Went to Heaven A Tale of Angola by Aaron Shepherd Summary, How Frog Went to Heaven A Tale of Angola by Aaron Shepherd short essay

How Frog Went to Heaven 

 A Tale of Angola 

Aaron shepherd Essay 

Introduction:

          How frog went to heaven is a traditional tale from Angola, retold by Aaron Shepard. It tells the story of Kimana, a young man who wished to marry the Sky Maiden, daughter of the Sun Chief. This story teaches us that determination and effort can lead to success, no matter how impossible a task may seem.

The Frog’s Clever Plan:

          Kimana asked a rabbit, an antelope, and a hawk to take his marriage proposal letter to Heaven, but all of them refused. The frog agreed to help. Kimana laughed, doubting its ability. But the frog had a plan. When the Sun Chief’s servant girls came to fetch water from a well, the frog jumped into a jug and was carried to Heaven.

Delivering the Letter and the Gift:

          Once in Heaven, the frog placed Kimana’s letter on a bench and hid. The Sun Chief found it and was surprised. After consulting his daughter, he sent a reply stating that Kimana must send a wedding gift. The frog took the letter back to Earth the same way. Kimana felt helpless, but the frog again promised to help. It took a purse of money, traveled back to Heaven, and left it for the Sun Chief.

Fetching the Bride:

           The Sun Chief now wanted Kimana to come to Heaven to fetch his bride. To help Kimana, the frog decided to bring the Sky Maiden to Earth. The frog spit into the jugs of water. When the people of Heaven drank the water, they fell sick. A spirit doctor revealed that Kimana had sent an evil spirit in the shape of a frog. This led the Sky Maiden to finally agree to go.

Conclusion:

          The frog met the Sky Maiden at the well and offered to guide her. She was amazed by the frog’s determination and persistence. The Sky Maiden decided to marry the frog. Together, they return to Heaven, leaving Kimana awaiting his bride. This story reminds us that perseverance and belief in oneself can achieve the impossible.

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How I Taught My Grandmother to Read Essay, How I Taught My Grandmother to Read Summary, How I Taught My Grandmother to Read, How I Taught My Grandmother to Read By Sudha Murthy Essay, How I Taught My Grandmother to Read by Sudha Murthy Summary

How I Taught My Grandmother to Read 

By Sudha Murty Short Essay 

Introduction:

         The story How I Taught My Grandmother to Read by Sudha Murty highlights the importance of education and determination. The author, a 12-year-old girl, recalls how she taught her 62 Year-old grandmother, Krishtakka, to read.

Krishtakka’s Love for Kashi Yatre:

          Kashi Yatre, a novel by Triveni, was published in the weekly magazine Karmaveera. It was about an old woman who saved money to visit Kashi (Varanasi) and worship Lord Vishweshwara. However, she gave up all her savings to help a poor orphan girl get married, believing the girl's happiness was more important than her pilgrimage. Krishtakka, deeply moved by the story, eagerly listened as her granddaughter read each new episode to her.

Determined to Become Independent:

          One day, when the author left for a wedding, Karmaveera arrived as usual, but Krishtakka could not read it. Feeling helpless and embarrassed, she decided to learn to read. She requested her granddaughter to teach her. The author became her teacher, and Krishtakka worked hard, practicing every day. Slowly, she learned to read on her own.

A Proud Moment:

         As a token of gratitude, she touched her granddaughter’s feet, honoring her as a guru, saying that a teacher deserves respect regardless of age. The story ends as the author gifted her grandmother a copy of the novel Kashi Yatre and her grandmother is able to read the title Kashi Yatre by Triveni and the publisher's name.

 

Conclusion:

         The story teaches that learning has no age limit. With determination and effort, anyone can gain knowledge and become independent, no matter their age.

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How I Taught My Grandmother to Read 

By Sudha Murty detailed Essay 

Introduction:

          The story How I Taught My Grandmother to Read is written by Sudha Murty and was published in the book How I Taught My Grandmother to Read and Other Stories in the year 2004. In this story, the author recalls how she taught her illiterate grandmother to read.

Main Characters and Setting:

          The author was 12 years old when this incident took place. Her grandmother, Krishtakka, was 62 years old at that time. The author used to stay in a village in North Karnataka with her grandparents.

Lack of Proper Transport Facilities:

          Since the transport system was not very good in those days, they used to get the morning newspaper only in the afternoon. The weekly magazine used to arrive a day late. Everyone eagerly waited for the bus, which brought newspapers, the weekly magazine, and the post.

The Influence of Triveni’s Writing:

          At that time, Triveni was a very popular writer in the Kannada language. The village people eagerly waited for the weekly magazine Karmaveera, where one of Triveni’s novels, Kashi Yatre, was being published as a serial.

The Story of Kashi Yatre:

          Kashi Yatre was about an old lady who had an earnest desire to go to Kashi (Varanasi) to worship Lord Vishweshwara and attain ultimate blessings (Punya). However, in the end, the old lady sacrificed all her savings to help a young orphan girl get married, as she had fallen in love but had no money for her wedding. For her The happiness of this orphan girl is more important than worshipping Lord Vishweshwara at Kashi. Krishtakka was deeply touched by this story as she could relate to the main character.

Grandmother’s Dependence on the Author:

          Krishtakka never went to school, so she could not read the story by herself. Every Wednesday, when the magazine arrived with the next episode of Kashi Yatre, the author read it aloud to her grandmother. Later, her grandmother would join her friends at the temple park and discuss the latest episode.

Grandmother's Realization and Regret:

          After the author returned from attending a week-long wedding with her cousins in a neighboring village, she found her grandmother in tears. The author, who used to call her grandmother Avva (which means grandmother in the Kannada language spoken in North Karnataka), asked her what was wrong.

Her grandmother then shared her grief:

          She had lost her mother at a young age. There was no one to look after her and guide her. Her father was a busy man who had remarried. Girls’ education was not given importance in those days. She never got the opportunity to go to school. She was married off at a very young age. She had children and was busy with household responsibilities. Now, she deeply regretted never getting an education herself.

The Determination to Learn:

            While the author was away, Karmaveera arrived as usual, but her grandmother could not read a single word. She felt embarrassed, helpless, and dependent. This made her determined to learn to read. She decided that from the next day onwards, she would start learning the Kannada alphabet and set Saraswati Puja as her deadline to be able to read a novel on her own.

The Learning Process:

          From the next day, the author started teaching her grandmother. The grandmother proved to be an intelligent and hardworking student. She sincerely did her homework and gradually learned to read, repeat, write, and recite. Little did she know back then that she would one day become a teacher in Computer Science and teach hundreds of students.

Grandmother’s Success:

          When Dassara Festival arrived, the author secretly bought Kashi Yatre, which had been published as a novel by then. Her grandmother called her to the puja place, made her sit on a stool, and gave her a gift of a frock material.

          To the author’s surprise, her grandmother bent down and touched her feet. The author was shocked because elders usually never touched the feet of youngsters. It was a tradition to touch the feet of God, elders, and teachers as a sign of respect. But now, the reverse had happened, which felt unusual.

Respect for a Teacher:

          The grandmother explained that her granddaughter was her guru (teacher). Since it was a tradition to respect one’s teacher, she had touched her feet, irrespective of her age. The story concludes with the author gifting Kashi Yatre to her grandmother, and her grandmother successfully reading the title and the publisher's name.

Conclusion:

          The central idea of the story is that there is no age limit for learning. With determination and effort, anyone can gain knowledge at any stage of life. The grandmother’s journey from being illiterate to becoming independent highlights the importance of education and the power of perseverance.

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On Personal Mastery by Robin Sharma Essay, On Personal Mastery Summary, On Personal Mastery, On Personal Mastery by Robin Sharma explanation, On Personal Mastery Essay

On Personal Mastery by Robin Sharma 

Short Essay 

Introduction

          Personal mastery means becoming the best version of yourself by learning, growing, and improving every day. It is a journey of self-improvement. Personal mastery gives us hope and reminds us that we can achieve great things in life.

Overcoming Life’s Challenges

          Life is a gift, but it also comes with responsibility. Every day, we must work towards our goals and handle difficulties. At times, we may feel lost or discouraged, but challenges are a natural part of life. Instead of giving up, we should see each day as an opportunity to improve and succeed.

10 Ways to Practice Personal Mastery

1. Think about your thinking – Be aware of your thoughts.

2. Understand your values – Know what truly matters to you.

3. Face your fears – Work through your fears instead of avoiding them.

4. Recognize your potential – You are capable of more than you think.

5. Let go of past baggage – Do not let past mistakes hold you back.

6. Avoid negativity – Stay away from negative thoughts and people.

7. Keep learning – Read, grow, and improve your skills.

8. Get fit – Take care of your health for a strong life.

9. Be great at what you do – Strive for excellence in your work.

10. Be kind – Show compassion and understanding to others.

Conclusion

           Personal mastery is about self-awareness, growth, and discipline. By following these ten steps, we can create a more successful and fulfilling life. Every day is a new chance to improve and shine.

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 On Personal Mastery Detailed Essay 

Introduction

          Personal mastery means becoming the best version of yourself by learning, growing, and improving every day. It is your own journey of self-improvement. Personal Mastery are two powerful words that inspire us. They give us hope that we can improve ourselves. They remind us that we can achieve great things in life. 

Life and Its Challenges

          Life is a gift, but it comes with responsibility. Every day, we have to go out and live our best life. Life isn't always easy—there will be hard times like dealing with angry people, difficult work situations. Life will bring challenges. There will be moments when we feel lost or unsure of what to do. There will be times when we feel lonely or discouraged. We may feel like giving up on our dreams and goals. Difficulties and challenges are a natural part of life. Everyone faces them. Even though life is tough, every day brings new chances to improve and succeed. 

Achieving Personal Mastery

          To achieve personal mastery, improve your talents and skills. Free yourself from negative thoughts, doubts, or past struggles. Make a decision today that will change your life forever. Promise yourself to focus on personal mastery.

How to Practice Personal Mastery (10 Points)

1. Think about your thinking: Be aware of what goes on in your mind. Are you thinking positively or negatively?

2. Understand your values: Knowing yourself is the first step toward becoming your best self. Know what's truly important to you and decide what kind of person you want to be.

3. Face your fears: Acknowledge what scares you and work through it. Don't let fear hold you back.

4. Recognize your potential: Understand that you are capable of so much more than you think. You have great abilities and can achieve amazing things.

5. Let go of past baggage: Don't let past mistakes or hurts hold you back. Move forward with a clear heart.

6. Avoid negativity: Don't allow negative thoughts or people to bring you down. Remember, you have more options and choices than you realize. If you believe in yourself, opportunities will come your way.

"Doubt is a pain too lonely to know that faith is his twin brother."

This quote is by Kahlil Gibran, a famous poet and philosopher.

7. Keep learning: Read, learn new things, and grow. The more you know, the better you become.

8. Get fit: Take care of your health. It's sad that people often only realize the value of good health after losing it. Be fit and strong.

9. Be great at what you do: Become so good at your work that people can't imagine doing it without you. Stand out in your field.

10. Be kind: Work on being the friendliest person around. Show compassion, understanding, and be nice to others.

Final Reminder

          Remember, life gives you chances every day to shine, to grow, and to master your life. So take the opportunity to be the best version of yourself!

Conclusion

          In simple terms, personal mastery is about becoming the best version of yourself through self-awareness, emotional control, continuous growth, and disciplined action. It's a journey of learning, evolving, and staying true to your goals and values. By practicing personal mastery, you create a more fulfilling and successful life.

Themes

► Self-Awareness

► Emotional Intelligence

► Discipline and Self-Control

► Growth Mind-set

► Lifelong Learning

► Goal Setting and Achievement

► Resilience and Adaptability

► Time Management and Productivity

► Confidence and Self-Belief

► Mindfulness and Inner Peace

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Why I Write Essay, Why I Write by George Orwell Essay, Why I Write Summary, Why I Write by George Orwell Summary, Why I Write by George Orwell explanation

Why I Write by George Orwell Short Essay 

Introduction:

          George Orwell’s essay Why I Write (1946) explains his personal journey to becoming a writer. He talks about his childhood, his love for words, and how his political beliefs influenced his writing.

Orwell’s Childhood and Early Writing:

          Orwell wanted to be a writer from a young age. He was often lonely and created imaginary stories. At age five, he wrote a poem about a tiger. At eleven, he wrote a patriotic poem that was published in the local newspaper. Two years later, he wrote another poem about the death of Kitchener, which was also published. He struggled with writing short stories but enjoyed playing with words.

The Four Motives for Writing:

          Orwell believed writers have four main reasons for writing:

1. Sheer egoism – Wanting fame, admiration, or to prove something.

2. Aesthetic enthusiasm – Loving words and the beauty of writing.

3. Historical impulse – Recording the truth for the future.

4. Political purpose – Influencing society and changing opinions.

Orwell’s Political Views and Writing Style:

          Orwell’s political beliefs shaped his writing. He wanted to expose lies and fight oppression. Since 1936, all of his serious writing was against totalitarianism and in support of democratic socialism. He believed all writing is political in some way. His goal was to blend politics with artistic writing, as seen in Animal Farm and Homage to Catalonia.

Conclusion:

          Orwell believed writing is both personal and political. He thought a writer’s past and beliefs shape their work. For him, political purpose made writing truly meaningful.

Why I Write by George Orwell Detailed Essay 

Introduction:

          "Why I Write" (1946) is an essay by George Orwell where he explains his personal journey to becoming a writer and what motivates him to write. He talks about his childhood, his love for words, and how his political views shaped his writing.

Orwell's Lonely Childhood

          From a very young age, maybe five or six, Orwell knew he wanted to be a writer. Orwell was the middle child, with a five-year gap between him and his siblings, which made him feel lonely. He barely saw his father until he was eight. Because of this, and some habits that made him unpopular in school, he often felt alone.

Orwell's Imagination and Writing Aspirations

          Like many lonely children, Orwell made up stories and talked to imaginary people. He believed his desire to write came from feeling lonely and wanting to prove himself.

Orwell's Early Writing Attempts and Challenges

          Orwell at age five, wrote a poem about a tiger. At eleven, he wrote a patriotic poem that was published in the local newspaper. Two years later, he wrote another poem about the death of Kitchener, which was also published. As a teenager, Orwell wrote bad poems, unfinished short stories, and even a rhyming play. He also helped edit school magazines, but he thought they weren’t very good. 

Orwell's Inner Narratives

          Between ages 17 and 24, Orwell tried to stop writing, but he always imagined a story in his head about himself. As a child, he imagined himself as a hero like Robin Hood. As he grew older, his imaginary story became more about describing real life. 

Orwell's Love for Words

          At 16, Orwell discovered that he loved words, their sounds, and how they fit together. He enjoyed writing but felt like something outside him was forcing him to describe things.

Orwell's Vision for Writing and His First Novel

          He always wanted to write long, realistic novels with sad endings, detailed descriptions, and beautiful writing. His first novel, Burmese Days, matched this style. Orwell believed that a writer’s early life shapes their writing. A writer’s topics are also influenced by the time they live in. 

The Four Motives for Writing:

          Apart from earning money, he believed writers have four main reasons for writing:

1. Sheer egoism – Wanting to be remembered, admired, or to prove something.

2. Aesthetic enthusiasm – Enjoying the beauty of words and writing.

3. Historical impulse – Wanting to find and record the truth.

4. Political purpose – Trying to change people’s views and influence society.

          Orwell said these motives exist in all writers but in different amounts. In peaceful times, he might have written more artistic books, but because of the world he lived in, he focused on politics.

Orwell's Struggle with Politics and Reflection on a Different Life

          Orwell worked for the Indian Imperial Police in Burma, but he didn’t like it. He experienced poverty and failure. However, these experiences didn’t fully shape his political beliefs. Events like Hitler’s rise and the Spanish Civil War finally made him take a clear political stance.

Orwell on Politics, Bias, and Writing with Integrity

          Since 1936, all of Orwell’s serious writing was against totalitarianism and in support of democratic socialism. He believed every writer is political in some way. The more a writer understands their biases, the better they can write honestly.

Turning Political Writing into Art

           For the last ten years, Orwell’s main goal was to turn political writing into an art. He didn’t write just to make art; he wrote to expose lies and reveal the truth. However, he still cared about writing beautifully. Even when his writing was propaganda, he kept his love for nature, words, and details.

Orwell on Balancing Politics and Artistic Writing

          Orwell struggled to balance political truth with artistic writing. For example, in Homage to Catalonia, he added a chapter defending innocent people, even though it hurt the book’s quality. He believed this problem would always exist for him.

Orwell on Language, Style, and Mixing Politics with Art

          Over time, Orwell tried to write more clearly. Animal Farm was the first time he successfully combined politics with artistic writing. He hadn’t written a novel in seven years but hoped to write another, even if it wasn’t perfect.

Orwell on the Motives Behind Writing

          Orwell believed all writers have selfish motives and a mysterious force that makes them write. Writing is hard and painful, like being sick for a long time. However, he believed good writing should be clear, like a window you can see through. Without a political purpose, he felt his writing became empty and full of unnecessary words.

Conclusion

          In Why I Write, Orwell explains that writing is both personal and political. He believes writers write for different reasons, but for him, politics became the most important. His goal was to blend political ideas with good writing.

Themes:

The Power of Political Writing

Personal Motivations for Writing

The Role of Truth in Literature

The Intersection of Politics and Art

The Influence of Childhood Experiences

Writing as a Tool for Social Change

The Desire for Aesthetic Expression

The Struggle Against Oppression

The Importance of Honesty in Writing

The Conflict Between Egoism and Altruism

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Wings of Fire Chapter 1,2 and 3 Essay, Wings of Fire Chapter 1, 2 and 3 Summary, Wings of Fire by A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Chapter 1, 2 and 3Essay

Wings of Fire by A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Essay

(Chapters 1,2 and 3)

Introduction:

          Wings of Fire is the autobiography of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, one of India’s greatest scientists and the 11th President of India. The first three chapters focus on his early life in Rameswaram, his education, and the people who shaped his dreams.

1. Childhood and Family Values:

          Dr. Kalam was born in 1931 in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, into a simple yet respected Muslim family. His father, Jainulabdeen, was a boat owner and religious leader, while his mother, Ashiamma, was a kind and charitable woman. They fed outsiders daily. From a young age, Kalam learned the power of prayer and how faith could guide people through confusion and hardship. Though not rich, his family emphasized honesty, discipline, and education.

2. Education and Career Beginnings:

          Kalam studied at Schwartz High School in Ramanathapuram and later joined St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirapalli, where he completed a BSc in Physics. However, he was more interested in engineering, so he applied to the Madras Institute of Technology (MIT) to study aeronautical engineering. After completing his studies, he worked as a trainer at Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) in Bangalore, where he worked on engine overhauling.

3. Job and Career Growth:

          In 1950, Kalam got job as a senior scientific assistant in DTP and PC (Air) with a salary of Rs. 250 per month. This was the start of his remarkable career in aerospace engineering, leading to his later contributions to India’s missile and space programs.

Conclusion:

          The first three chapters of Wings of Fire show how Kalam’s early life, strong values, and education shaped his future. His story teaches us that hard work, faith, and determination can help us overcome any obstacles in life.

Wings of Fire Chapter 1,2 and 3 in Tamil @Banumathi K's Literature Insights 👇 

Wings of Fire Chapter 1 in Tamil @Banumathi K's Literature Insights 👇 

Wings of Fire Chapter 2 in Tamil @Banumathi K's Literature Insights 👇 

Wings of Fire Chapter 3 in Tamil @Banumathi K's Literature Insights 👇 

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