Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
Important Definitions and Abbreviations
1. AI (Artificial Intelligence): Simulation of human intelligence by machines.
2. ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): Part of the CPU that performs arithmetic and logical operations.
3. API (Application Programming Interface): A set of tools for building software applications.
4. ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange): A character encoding standard.
5. Backup: Copying and storing data for recovery in case of loss.
6. Bandwidth: The amount of data transmitted over a network in a given time.
7. Big Data: Massive data sets analyzed computationally to reveal patterns.
8. Biometrics: Authentication method using physical characteristics like fingerprints.
9. Bit: The smallest unit of data in computing.
10. Bluetooth: Wireless technology for exchanging data over short distances.
11. Browser: Software to access the internet (e.g., Chrome, Firefox).
12. Cache Memory: High-speed storage for frequently accessed data.
13. Captcha (Completely Automated Public Turing Test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart): A test to differentiate humans from bots.
14. Cloud Computing: Delivery of computing services over the internet.
15. CPU (Central Processing Unit): The brain of the computer.
16. Data Mining: Process of discovering patterns in large data sets.
17. Data Encryption: Securing data by converting it into a code.
18. DNS (Domain Name System): Translates domain names to IP addresses.
19. Firewall: Security system to prevent unauthorized access.
20. FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Protocol for transferring files between systems.
21. Gateway: A device that connects different networks.
22. Gigabyte (GB): Unit of storage, 1 GB = 1024 MB.
23. Graphical User Interface (GUI): User interface that includes graphical elements.
24. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Protocol for transferring web pages.
25. HTTPS (HTTP Secure): Secure version of HTTP using encryption.
26. IP Address (Internet Protocol Address): Unique address of a device on a network.
27. IoT (Internet of Things): Network of devices connected to the internet.
28. ISP (Internet Service Provider): A company providing internet access.
29. LAN (Local Area Network): A network confined to a small area.
30. Linux: Open-source operating system.
31. Login: Process of gaining access to a system by entering credentials.
32. Malware: Malicious software designed to harm systems.
33. Megabyte (MB): Unit of storage, 1 MB = 1024 KB.
34. Modem: Device for converting digital signals into analog signals and vice versa.
35. Multimedia: Integration of text, images, video, and audio.
36. NIC (Network Interface Card): Hardware for connecting a computer to a network.
37. OCR (Optical Character Recognition): Technology to convert images of text into editable text.
38. Operating System (OS): Software that manages hardware and software resources.
39. Phishing: Fraudulent attempt to obtain sensitive information.
40. Pixel: The smallest unit of a digital image.
41. QR Code (Quick Response Code): Two-dimensional barcode for storing information.
42. RAM (Random Access Memory): Volatile memory used for temporary data storage.
43. ROM (Read-Only Memory): Non-volatile memory storing permanent data.
44. Router: Device for forwarding data between networks.
45. Server: A computer providing services to other computers on a network.
46. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): Protocol for sending emails.
47. Spam: Unwanted or irrelevant messages.
48. Spyware: Software that secretly collects user information.
49. Terabyte (TB): Unit of storage, 1 TB = 1024 GB.
50. Trojan Horse: Malware disguised as legitimate software.
51. URL (Uniform Resource Locator): Address of a web resource.
52. USB (Universal Serial Bus): Standard for connecting devices.
53. VPN (Virtual Private Network): Secure network over a public network.
54. WAN (Wide Area Network): A network spanning a large geographic area.
55. Web Server: A system delivering web pages to users.
56. Wi-Fi: Wireless technology for internet access.
57. Worm: Self-replicating malware spreading across networks.
58. XML (eXtensible Markup Language): Markup language for encoding documents.
59. Zip File: Compressed file format to save storage.
ICT Terms:
1. Algorithm: Step-by-step instructions for problem-solving.
2. Boolean Logic: Logical operations (AND, OR, NOT).
3. CD (Compact Disc): Optical storage device.
4. CMS (Content Management System): Software for managing digital content.
5. Compression: Reducing file size.
6. Cookie: Data stored on a user’s device by websites.
7. Cybersecurity: Protection of internet-connected systems.
8. Digital Divide: Gap between those with and without digital access.
9. Ethernet: Wired network technology.
10. Gigahertz (GHz): Unit to measure CPU speed.
11. Hacking: Unauthorized access to a computer system.
12. Input Device: Device used to input data (e.g., keyboard, mouse).
13. JPEG: Format for compressing images.
14. Machine Learning: AI system that learns from data.
15. Open Source: Software with freely available source code.
16. Plugin: Software to enhance functionality.
17. Protocol: Set of rules for communication.
18. Sandboxing: Isolated environment for testing software.
19. SSL (Secure Sockets Layer): Protocol for encrypted communication.
20. Syntax: Rules for writing code.
21. Trojans: Malware disguised as legitimate software.
22. URL: Web address.
23. Virus: Malicious code that spreads by attaching to programs
24. Volatile Memory: Memory that loses data when power is off.
25. Web Browser: Software for accessing websites.
26. Wiki: Collaborative website.
27. XML: Extensible markup language.
28. ZIP: Compressed file format.
29. Zero-Day: Software vulnerability not yet patched.
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